Friday, 25 May 2012

Keeping the Faith... under control!


I have long noticed a strong correlation between stupid people and people who don't agree with me.  Perhaps you've noticed the same phenomena?

The English actor Colin Firth noticed the same thing but in an almost tongue-in-cheek experiment took it further.  He decided that people who strongly opposed his views must have something wrong with their brains, so he funded MRI scans for a group of them!  How English!

And lo and behold the experiment showed he was right!

Now, Colin Firth holds strong liberal views – that is, Liberal as opposed to Conservative views – as most actors do.  What the MRI scans revealed about those with strong conservative views was that they all had enlarged amygdalas.  Now the amygdala is part of the ‘limbic system’ – that part of our brain which is emotionally wired and evolved for black and white decision-making. 

Limbic brain thinking demands fast and clear decisions – right/wrong, good/bad, run/don't run.  In situations where immediate decisions are essential, for example the rhinoceros is charging at you, weighing up the pros and cons and talking through all the options is probably not in the best interests of your survival.  The limbic brain demands closure – knowing that there are lions about but not knowing exactly where, is not a question to let slip from the mind or to be left for another time.  And the limbic brain is an evolutionary attribute of all mammals – it is emotionally wired, it provides rapid (almost instant) awareness of what others of our kind are doing and how they are reacting and therefore deals with herd instinct, its good at self-programming for automated responses and developing specific physical skills through repetition and practice.  And it’s the part of the brain that can be consciously reprogrammed by some types of personal development work.

Over the top of the limbic brain we humans have evolved the cerebral cortex – the part of our brain that deals with complexity, language, maths and higher cognitive functions.  It gives us the ability to think about thinking, to reflect, to create, to socialise – and to form our own views on reality.  Of course, as humans we all have both the limbic system and the cerebral cortex, but it appears that one can dominate the other.  It's easy to demonstrate that under the influence of alcohol or stressful situations the cerebral cortex becomes impaired and we revert to the more basic limbic responses… well at least I do!

What Colin Firth's experiment gave a glimpse into is an exciting recent discovery called neuro-plasticity, meaning that our brains change physically to provide more and better of the type of thinking that we habitually employ.  The implications are huge!  Suddenly we have an insight into why some otherwise intelligent people can continue to hold views that deny science, for instance.

When the limbic brain dominates, it becomes most important for us to know what ‘we’ believe, to run with the herd, to keep the faith, and most importantly to resist taking any non-herd-conforming decisions or actions.  In short, go for the minimum personal risk option – think and act conservatively.  And to read from the prayer book of what ‘we’ believe, is to reinforce the authority of those beliefs – recent psychological studies have shown that the most powerful influence on conservative thinkers is the need for ‘authority’.

It's not that climate deniers, to label one group, are stupid – rather it is that if they were to accept specific scientific facts as valid it would directly threaten the integrity of their dominant thinking system.  And since that system does not deal in reasoning, the acceptance of inconvenient facts can threaten identity itself.  If my ‘limbic identity’ is threatened I will automatically revert to herd survival behaviour – I immediately switch to instinctual responses and become impervious to ‘facts’.

So the limbic system directs the cerebral cortex to argue for authoritative conservation of the status quo.  And what we hear then is rationalisation of primitively-formed limbic beliefs rather than any form of evidence-based reasoning.

And thanks to neuro-plasticity, the more the amygdala is used, the bigger and more powerful it becomes – and the more we want simple answers to complex questions:
  • ·         Carbon tax – are you for or against?
  • ·         Economic growth is essential to prosperity – right?
  • ·         Our religion is the only true religion – right?

So, does the size of your amygdala determine your voting preferences?  According to a new book, ‘The Republican Brain’ by Chris Mooney the answer is ‘Yes, but it’s not quite that simple’.  It’s our psychological profiles that underpin all our life choices and choices are also influenced by circumstance – well at least that’s true if the cerebral cortex is in charge!

At this time in history we can ill-afford to be run by our amygdala.  We should have a healthy integrated emotional connection with others, but our cerebral cortex surely needs to be driving.

How can you tell what’s driving your thinking?  How strong is your need for closure; your need for simple answers; your need for an external authority to believe in; your need to belong to a group; your need to support one football team; your need to vote for the same old political party?

And if you find a strong need lurking in examples such as those, what would you have to let go of in order to free up that powerful free-thinking cerebral cortex? 

Blind faith is easy – its thinking that’s hard, but that’s what the world needs now!

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